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IRON AND STEEL

Overview

PROCESSES

  • Agglomeration
  • Coking
  • Blast Furnace
  • Direct Reduction
  • Basic Oxygen Furnace
  • Electric Arc Furnace
  • Heat Treating
  • Ladle Metallurgy
  • Continuous Casting
  • Ingot Casting
  • Ladle Preheating
  • Secondary Finishing
  • Surface Coating

ALUMINUM

Overview

PROCESSES

  • Mining/Primary Processing
  • Recycle/Scrap Melting
  • Aluminum Casting
  • Aluminum Smelting
  • Anode Baking
  • Bauxite Mining
  • Bauxite Refining
  • Extrusion
  • Forging
  • Heat Treating
  • Molten Handling
  • Rolling

Ingot Casting : R&D Trends

Courtesy of U.S. Steel

Equipment
Combustion Technology
Energy Consumption
Process Description
R&D Trends

Most work at steel mills is done to eliminate ingot casting and primary mills altogether. Some capacity problems will remain in the future to account for upset conditions between the steelmaking shops and the rolling mills.

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